For many people, the fear of venomous snakes is linked to one thing: pain. Yet new research led by scientists at Bangor University suggests that, for Europe's vipers, at least, causing pain may never have been a driving force in the evolution of their venom.
Source: [Phys.org](https://phys.org/news/2026-08-pain-isnt-european-viper-venoms.html)